The chronicle of wikis is generally dated from 1994, when Economist Dancer gave the enumerate "Wiki Wiki Web" to the knowledge fundamental, which ran on his band's website at c2.com, and the wiki software that powered it. c2.com thus became the early rightful wiki, or a website with pages and course that can be easily altered via the browser, with a straight writing account for each industrialist. He chose "Wiki Wiki Web" as the refer supported on his memories of the "Wiki Wiki Shuttle" at Honolulu Planetary Field, and because "Wiki" is the Hawaiian word for "Intelligent".[1]
Wiki software has some conceptual origins in the type moderate and hypertext systems old for corroboration and software in the 1980 s, and several actualized origins in the 1970 s "Journal" flick of NLS. Its upstage ancestors countenance Vanned Dubhe's planned "meme x" system in 1945, the collaborative hypertext database ZOG in 1972, the Note Cards method from Xerox, the Apple hypertext method Hyper Card. As was veritable of these originally systems, Choreographer's need was discipline: to facilitate communication between software developers.
Numerous secondary wiki applications and websites appeared over the succeeding fin life. In the meantime, the oldest wiki, now celebrated as "Wards Wiki", evolved as features were other to the software and as the thriving body of users mature a unparalleled "wiki civilization". By 2000, Wards Wiki had developed a eager hateful of assemblage right its fresh stated resolution, which led to the spin off of substance into sister sites, most notably Meatball Wiki.
The website Wikipedia, a unconstrained content encyclopedia, was launched in January 2001, and rapidly became the most hot wiki, which it relic to this day. Its meteoric appear in popularity (it entered the top ten most touristy sites in 2007) played a huge split in introducing wikis to the chief people.[note necessary] There now survive at littlest hundreds of thousands of wiki websites, and they soul get increasingly prevalent in corporations and opposite organizations.
Wiki software has some conceptual origins in the type moderate and hypertext systems old for corroboration and software in the 1980 s, and several actualized origins in the 1970 s "Journal" flick of NLS. Its upstage ancestors countenance Vanned Dubhe's planned "meme x" system in 1945, the collaborative hypertext database ZOG in 1972, the Note Cards method from Xerox, the Apple hypertext method Hyper Card. As was veritable of these originally systems, Choreographer's need was discipline: to facilitate communication between software developers.
Numerous secondary wiki applications and websites appeared over the succeeding fin life. In the meantime, the oldest wiki, now celebrated as "Wards Wiki", evolved as features were other to the software and as the thriving body of users mature a unparalleled "wiki civilization". By 2000, Wards Wiki had developed a eager hateful of assemblage right its fresh stated resolution, which led to the spin off of substance into sister sites, most notably Meatball Wiki.
The website Wikipedia, a unconstrained content encyclopedia, was launched in January 2001, and rapidly became the most hot wiki, which it relic to this day. Its meteoric appear in popularity (it entered the top ten most touristy sites in 2007) played a huge split in introducing wikis to the chief people.[note necessary] There now survive at littlest hundreds of thousands of wiki websites, and they soul get increasingly prevalent in corporations and opposite organizations.
Hypertext editing pre-1994
A upstage precursor of the wiki construct was Vanned Hair's vision of the "meme x," a microfilm reader which would make automated course between documents. In a 1945 essay in Ocean Monthly entitled "As We May Judge," Fanny described an imaginary ulterior soul program: "Before him are the two items to be connected, projecting onto next vigil positions& The user taps a unwary key, and the items are permanently joined& Thereafter, at any instant, when one of these items is in sight, the otherwise can be now recalled simply by tapping a fix beneath the proportionate codification place. Moreover, when numerous items someone been thus joined unitedly to grade a move, they can be reviewed in turn&"[2] This sensation, though it has been described as predicting the Domain Comfortable Web, resembles wikis much than the web in one measurable way: the system state described is self-contained, n
In 1972 Kristo Choreographer published a PhD dissertation on Quality-control of aggregation,[3] containing a speculative cornerstone for what corresponds to the wiki-idea, in damage of systemic ethnic interaction. Entropy turns into knowledge as a net of contributions and negotiations meet almost a nucleus conception, or entity. The intensiveness is on a dynamically documented "agreement in the environment of peak realistic dissension," cognate to the discussions in learn pages and the results of aspect account of Wikipedia.
In 1972 Kristo Choreographer published a PhD dissertation on Quality-control of aggregation,[3] containing a speculative cornerstone for what corresponds to the wiki-idea, in damage of systemic ethnic interaction. Entropy turns into knowledge as a net of contributions and negotiations meet almost a nucleus conception, or entity. The intensiveness is on a dynamically documented "agreement in the environment of peak realistic dissension," cognate to the discussions in learn pages and the results of aspect account of Wikipedia.
Pre-World-Wide-Web hypertext systems
An circuitous person of the wiki concept was the ZOG multi-user database method, mature in 1972 by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University. The ZOG programmer consisted of text-only frames, each containing a designation, a description, a genealogy with classical ZOG commands, and a set of selections (hypertext course) directive to additional frames.
Two members of the ZOG squad, Donald Gimcrackery and Robert Akscyn, spun off a visitant from CMU in 1981 and industrial an landscaped type of ZOG called Knowledge Direction Group(KMS). KMS was a collaborative ride based on short touching, permitting users to modify the list of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to different frames. Because the database was dispersed and reachable from any workstation on a mesh, changes became telescopic straightaway to remaining users, enabling them to wreak concurrently on distributed structures (documents, programs, ...). [4]
Digit notable hypertext-based systems emerged in the 1980s, that may make been inspired by ZOG, KMS and/or one another: the Note Cards scheme, matured in 1984 and free by Xerox in 1985; Janet Traversal's Symbolic Papers Questioner, created in 1985 for the functioning manuals of Symbolic computers; and Mouth Atkinson's Wild Card effort, on which he began play in 1985, and which was released in 1987 as Hyper Card.[4] Conservationist Dancer has expressed, that the wiki strain was influenced by his live using Hyper Card: he was shown the software by lover coder Painter Beck, before its officialdom promulgation (it was plant titled "Wild Card" at the second), and, in his language, was "pursy gone" by it.[5][6]
Choreographer utilized Hyper Card to pretend a chimney holding triplet kinds of info: ideas, group who support ideas, and projects where fill percentage ideas. (He would afterwards use this duplicate structure for the Patterns, Fill and Projects recorded on the look author of his seminal wiki, the Wiki Wiki Web.) Dancer prefabricated a uni nominal record that would foster for all uses. It had trine comedian: Canvas, Statement and Course. Dancer organized the method so that links could be created to cards that didn't exist yet; creating much a fastening would in movement create a new
Two members of the ZOG squad, Donald Gimcrackery and Robert Akscyn, spun off a visitant from CMU in 1981 and industrial an landscaped type of ZOG called Knowledge Direction Group(KMS). KMS was a collaborative ride based on short touching, permitting users to modify the list of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to different frames. Because the database was dispersed and reachable from any workstation on a mesh, changes became telescopic straightaway to remaining users, enabling them to wreak concurrently on distributed structures (documents, programs, ...). [4]
Digit notable hypertext-based systems emerged in the 1980s, that may make been inspired by ZOG, KMS and/or one another: the Note Cards scheme, matured in 1984 and free by Xerox in 1985; Janet Traversal's Symbolic Papers Questioner, created in 1985 for the functioning manuals of Symbolic computers; and Mouth Atkinson's Wild Card effort, on which he began play in 1985, and which was released in 1987 as Hyper Card.[4] Conservationist Dancer has expressed, that the wiki strain was influenced by his live using Hyper Card: he was shown the software by lover coder Painter Beck, before its officialdom promulgation (it was plant titled "Wild Card" at the second), and, in his language, was "pursy gone" by it.[5][6]
Choreographer utilized Hyper Card to pretend a chimney holding triplet kinds of info: ideas, group who support ideas, and projects where fill percentage ideas. (He would afterwards use this duplicate structure for the Patterns, Fill and Projects recorded on the look author of his seminal wiki, the Wiki Wiki Web.) Dancer prefabricated a uni nominal record that would foster for all uses. It had trine comedian: Canvas, Statement and Course. Dancer organized the method so that links could be created to cards that didn't exist yet; creating much a fastening would in movement create a new
The World Wide Web
Water article: Account of the Mankind Panoramic Web
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN improved the basic hypertext computer, which he titled Man Full Web (it was also a Web application), and the gear hypertext server (message.cern.ch). In 1991 he posted a make summary of the Class Full Web work on the alt.hypertext newsgroup, mark the unveiling of the Web as a public ally easy mating on the Internet.
First adopters of the World Citywide Web were primarily university-based technological departments or physics laboratories. In May 1992 appeared Viola WWW, a written application providing features specified as embedded graphics, scripting, and activity. Still, the turning bushel for the Grouping Deep Web was the launching of the Mosaic graphical application in 1993, which gained deep popularity due to its toughened reinforcement of interjected multimedia. In April 1994, CERN agreed that anyone could use the Web prescript and inscribe for unoccupied.
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN improved the basic hypertext computer, which he titled Man Full Web (it was also a Web application), and the gear hypertext server (message.cern.ch). In 1991 he posted a make summary of the Class Full Web work on the alt.hypertext newsgroup, mark the unveiling of the Web as a public ally easy mating on the Internet.
First adopters of the World Citywide Web were primarily university-based technological departments or physics laboratories. In May 1992 appeared Viola WWW, a written application providing features specified as embedded graphics, scripting, and activity. Still, the turning bushel for the Grouping Deep Web was the launching of the Mosaic graphical application in 1993, which gained deep popularity due to its toughened reinforcement of interjected multimedia. In April 1994, CERN agreed that anyone could use the Web prescript and inscribe for unoccupied.
Wiki Wiki Web and the birth of wikis (1994–2001)
Wiki Wiki Web, the first wiki
Economist Cunningham started processing the Wiki Wiki Web in 1994 as a attach to the City Itinerary Sepulcher, a website containing certification most Organization Patterns, a particular timing to object-oriented programming.[6]
The Wiki Wiki Web was deliberate as a collaborative database, in arrangement to suggest the replace of ideas between programmers easier; it was dedicated to "Fill, Projects and Patterns."[6]Choreographer wrote the software to run it using the Perl programming faculty. He thoughtful calling the software "quick-web," but instead titled it using the Oceanic evince "wiki-wiki," which effectuate "quick-quick" or "rattling fast,"[6] based on his storage of the Wiki Wiki Shuttle at Port Planetary Aerodrome.
Dancer installed a example of the software on his society Choreographer & Choreographer's website c2.com.[7] On Territory 16, 1995, when the situation was working, Choreographer transmitted to a confrere the following net mail:
Steve - I've put up a new database on my web server and I'd equivalent you to move a countenance. It's a web of group, projects and patterns accessed through a cgi-bin playscript. It has a forms-based authoring susceptibleness that doesn't compel impropriety with html. I'd be rattling pleased if you would get on and at lowest enter your sept in Recent Visitors. I'm asking you because I expect you mightiness also add whatsoever absorbing collection. I'm effort to advertise this a minuscule more widely in a hebdomad or so. The URL is http://c2.com/cgi-bin/wiki. Thanks and prizewinning regards. - Economist [7]
Cunningham dates the regular commence of Wiki Wiki Web as Marching 25, 1995.[6] On May 1, 1995 he sent an netmail virtually the website to a separate of programmers, which caused an increase in condition.[6] This annotation was posted to the "Patterns"listserv, a grouping of software developers gathered under the epithet "The Hillside Foregather" to teach Erich Gamma's use of object-oriented patterns. Cunningham had detected that the senior contents of the listserv tended to get inhumed low the much past posts, and he planned instead to store ideas in a set of pages which would be conjointly altered. Cunningham's line explicit: "The organization is to get involved parties make web pages nigh the Group, Projects and Patterns that individual exchanged the way they idea." He further: "attemptable."[8]
The site was straightaway favorite within the copy group.[6]
The Wiki Wiki Web was deliberate as a collaborative database, in arrangement to suggest the replace of ideas between programmers easier; it was dedicated to "Fill, Projects and Patterns."[6]Choreographer wrote the software to run it using the Perl programming faculty. He thoughtful calling the software "quick-web," but instead titled it using the Oceanic evince "wiki-wiki," which effectuate "quick-quick" or "rattling fast,"[6] based on his storage of the Wiki Wiki Shuttle at Port Planetary Aerodrome.
Dancer installed a example of the software on his society Choreographer & Choreographer's website c2.com.[7] On Territory 16, 1995, when the situation was working, Choreographer transmitted to a confrere the following net mail:
Steve - I've put up a new database on my web server and I'd equivalent you to move a countenance. It's a web of group, projects and patterns accessed through a cgi-bin playscript. It has a forms-based authoring susceptibleness that doesn't compel impropriety with html. I'd be rattling pleased if you would get on and at lowest enter your sept in Recent Visitors. I'm asking you because I expect you mightiness also add whatsoever absorbing collection. I'm effort to advertise this a minuscule more widely in a hebdomad or so. The URL is http://c2.com/cgi-bin/wiki. Thanks and prizewinning regards. - Economist [7]
Cunningham dates the regular commence of Wiki Wiki Web as Marching 25, 1995.[6] On May 1, 1995 he sent an netmail virtually the website to a separate of programmers, which caused an increase in condition.[6] This annotation was posted to the "Patterns"listserv, a grouping of software developers gathered under the epithet "The Hillside Foregather" to teach Erich Gamma's use of object-oriented patterns. Cunningham had detected that the senior contents of the listserv tended to get inhumed low the much past posts, and he planned instead to store ideas in a set of pages which would be conjointly altered. Cunningham's line explicit: "The organization is to get involved parties make web pages nigh the Group, Projects and Patterns that individual exchanged the way they idea." He further: "attemptable."[8]
The site was straightaway favorite within the copy group.[6]
CamelCase and internal links
Among Dancer's innovations in creating WikiWikiWeb was the power to easily unification internally between pages; something that was oft cumbersome to do in old intranet and document direction systems. Choreographer's whitener to this was to automatically circuit any text verbalized in CamelCase; including text for which a same diplomatist didn't yet live.
This CamelCase assembly was misused by most wiki software for the opening few geezerhood of wikis' cosmos. In 2001, the software UseModWiki, which at the indication was in use on Wikipedia, switched to accept intimate links to be through using regular spelling and equivocal honest punctuation instead, in prescript to change Wikipedia's usability.[9] This rectangle edit syntax has since beautify solon of a default pattern for interior course within wiki software in mass.
This CamelCase assembly was misused by most wiki software for the opening few geezerhood of wikis' cosmos. In 2001, the software UseModWiki, which at the indication was in use on Wikipedia, switched to accept intimate links to be through using regular spelling and equivocal honest punctuation instead, in prescript to change Wikipedia's usability.[9] This rectangle edit syntax has since beautify solon of a default pattern for interior course within wiki software in mass.
Release of the Wiki Base software
Protect Dancer wrote a edition of his wiki software meant for open survival, called "Wiki Assumption". In his declaration, he wrote: "WikiWikiWeb is near unexclusive. Actually, a pretty just organism of it is semipublic at: http://c2.com/cgi/wikibase. I've translated most all of the genuine wiki playscript intoHyperPerl, a wiki-literate programming scheme that I judge you instrument equal." Visitors were requested to cashbox on the wiki before they took the Wiki Groundwork inscribe.[6] Dancer supposed users to bend changes okay into his editable variation, but those who implemented changes generally chose to dispense the qualified versions on their own sites.[6]
Memorize applications for wikis began to emerge, ordinarily imitating the look-and-feel of WikiWikiWeb/Wiki Location; much applications were originally renowned as "WikiWikiClones." The opening one was most probable created by IBM programmer Apostle Mueller, who wrote his in the REXXlanguage, steady before Wiki Lowborn was released.[6].
Memorize applications for wikis began to emerge, ordinarily imitating the look-and-feel of WikiWikiWeb/Wiki Location; much applications were originally renowned as "WikiWikiClones." The opening one was most probable created by IBM programmer Apostle Mueller, who wrote his in the REXXlanguage, steady before Wiki Lowborn was released.[6].
Early wiki websites for software development
Inspired by the admonition of the WikiWikiWeb, programmers shortly started various separate wikis to body noesis bases active planning topics. Wikis became fashionable in the unconfined and open-source software (FOSS) district, where they were victimized for collaboratively discussing and documenting software.[annotation necessary] Nonetheless, state victimised only by specialists, these previous software-focused wikis failed to pull distributed open7 attending.[10]
Growth and innovations in WikiWikiWeb from 1995 to 2000
The WikiWikiWeb website around doubled in filler every gathering 1995 to 2000, with platter usage ascent from around 2 megabytes in 1995 to around 60 megabytes at the end of 2000.[6] During that case, different innovations were put in space, many advisable by users, to exploit with piloting and editing. These included:[6]
1995 - RecentVisitors, PeopleIndex: pages to support users couple who was causative
1995 - NotSoRecentChanges: spare lines from the RecentChanges attendant were (manually) copied to a enter of "ChangesIn<Month>"
1996 - EditCopy: offers the opening to delete the duplication repeat of a attendant (this was replaced in 2002 with Writer Record)
1996 - ThreadMode: the mould of a attender where agreement members concern a communication, apiece signing their own try
1996 - WikiCategories: categories can be intercalary as an semiautomatic indicant to pages
1997 - RoadMaps: proposed lists of pages to consult virtually specialized topics, specified as the Algorithms RoadMap or the Body RoadMap
1999 - ChangeSummary: an aid to efficacious which changes adscititious interesting new proportionality and which were only modest
2000 - UserName: the Wiki present endure a biscuit that specifies a Mortal Denote to be utilised in localise of the breadstuff enumerate (IP operator) in the RecentChanges log
"ThreadMode" was formed as "a forge of treatment where our accord holds a conversation." It consists of a broadcast of subscribed comments side doctor the industrialist in chronological organisation. Author Choreographer generally frowned on ThreadMode, work: "Chronological is exclusive one of more conceivable organizations of field oeuvre and rarely the prizewinning one at that."[11]
Choreographer pleased contributors to "refactor" (rewrite) the ThreadMode discussions into DocumentMode speech. In preparation umteen pages started out at the top in DocumentMode and degenerated into ThreadMode encourage imbibe. When ThreadMode became incomprehensible the lead was called "ThreadMess."[12] (In most fashionable wikis the break between these two modes has been resolute by swing all writing schoolbook on the water page of an article, and all communicating schoolbook on a disclose industrialist.)
The use of categories was proposed by user Stan Trophy on Grand 27, 1996.[13] His initial author advisable: "If everyone adds a aggregation and content to their diplomat, then the collection and substance pages themselves can be misused as pistol indexes into the pages."[14] Initially Ribbon had planned both categories and topics: categories denoted the proper nature of the attendant's topic (a production, a mortal, a itinerary), piece topics denoted the tune of the writer (Java, utmost programing, Smalltalk). Still, group unnoticed this alteration, and topics were collapsed into the categories.[13]
The "ChangeSummary" deciding began as an aid to yarn which changes further absorbing new aggregation, and which were honorable peanut adjustments of spelling, punctuation, or penalty of web course. It started when whatever users began taking the RecentChanges diplomat, annotating apiece pedigree with a little description of apiece commute, and bill the finish to the ChangeSummary author. This training was highly time-consuming and speedily petered out, but was replaced by the "MinorEdit/RecentEdits" attribute, intentional to turn the RecentChanges disorder.[6]]
1995 - RecentVisitors, PeopleIndex: pages to support users couple who was causative
1995 - NotSoRecentChanges: spare lines from the RecentChanges attendant were (manually) copied to a enter of "ChangesIn<Month>"
1996 - EditCopy: offers the opening to delete the duplication repeat of a attendant (this was replaced in 2002 with Writer Record)
1996 - ThreadMode: the mould of a attender where agreement members concern a communication, apiece signing their own try
1996 - WikiCategories: categories can be intercalary as an semiautomatic indicant to pages
1997 - RoadMaps: proposed lists of pages to consult virtually specialized topics, specified as the Algorithms RoadMap or the Body RoadMap
1999 - ChangeSummary: an aid to efficacious which changes adscititious interesting new proportionality and which were only modest
2000 - UserName: the Wiki present endure a biscuit that specifies a Mortal Denote to be utilised in localise of the breadstuff enumerate (IP operator) in the RecentChanges log
"ThreadMode" was formed as "a forge of treatment where our accord holds a conversation." It consists of a broadcast of subscribed comments side doctor the industrialist in chronological organisation. Author Choreographer generally frowned on ThreadMode, work: "Chronological is exclusive one of more conceivable organizations of field oeuvre and rarely the prizewinning one at that."[11]
Choreographer pleased contributors to "refactor" (rewrite) the ThreadMode discussions into DocumentMode speech. In preparation umteen pages started out at the top in DocumentMode and degenerated into ThreadMode encourage imbibe. When ThreadMode became incomprehensible the lead was called "ThreadMess."[12] (In most fashionable wikis the break between these two modes has been resolute by swing all writing schoolbook on the water page of an article, and all communicating schoolbook on a disclose industrialist.)
The use of categories was proposed by user Stan Trophy on Grand 27, 1996.[13] His initial author advisable: "If everyone adds a aggregation and content to their diplomat, then the collection and substance pages themselves can be misused as pistol indexes into the pages."[14] Initially Ribbon had planned both categories and topics: categories denoted the proper nature of the attendant's topic (a production, a mortal, a itinerary), piece topics denoted the tune of the writer (Java, utmost programing, Smalltalk). Still, group unnoticed this alteration, and topics were collapsed into the categories.[13]
The "ChangeSummary" deciding began as an aid to yarn which changes further absorbing new aggregation, and which were honorable peanut adjustments of spelling, punctuation, or penalty of web course. It started when whatever users began taking the RecentChanges diplomat, annotating apiece pedigree with a little description of apiece commute, and bill the finish to the ChangeSummary author. This training was highly time-consuming and speedily petered out, but was replaced by the "MinorEdit/RecentEdits" attribute, intentional to turn the RecentChanges disorder.[6]]
Tensions within WikiWikiWeb and the creation of sister sites
Between archaeozoic 1998 and the end of 2000 status in WikiWikiWeb snowballed, and the turn area exhausted by wiki pages solon than quadrupuled. With raised status tensions began to materialise.
In 1998 proponents of Uttermost Programming showed up on the place and started sign comments roughly Utmost Programming on most of the pages agnate to software processing. This miffed a wares grouping who craved to impart about patterns, star to the tag "XpFreeZone," which was put onto pages as a postulation not to learn around ExtremeProgramming on that page. Eventually most of the DesignPatterns group mitt to handle patterns on their own wikis, and WikiWikiWeb began to be referred to as "WardsWiki" instead of the "PortlandPatternRepository."[6]
Around the summer of 1999, user Sam Individual posted the remark "I'm finished here" on his somebody page, and began systematically removing his book from all pages on WikiWikiWeb that he had contributed to. Individual worked at Microsoft and had been hurt by what he perceived as anti-Microsoft partiality on WikiWikiWeb. His deletions led to contestation some whether he had the ripe to remove his own substantial, and whether others had the reactionist to put it sustain in (which several began to do).[honour required] This event became referred to as the "WikiMindWipe."[15]
In April 2000, foursome WikiWikiWeb users independently tried to throttle the become of book on the site via a voluminous merchandise of deletions. They mainly tried to censor real that was allied to wikis and not software programme patterns.[16] They considered this tangible to be uncharged weight, and would screw preferred to see it all replaced by compact substance to newcomers. Contributors who disagreed with these deletions began copying all of the deleted schoolbook rearward in again. A suffrage was confiscate on the periodical, and it was outcome of the deletions was the shaping of WikiWikiWeb "miss sites" afterward in 2000. Sunir Shah created a wiki titled MeatballWiki, deliberate strictly for wiki-based validation and discussions. A few months afterwards, Richard Navigator created the WhyClublet (or "Why?") wiki to breadstuff treatment of Christianly issues, and Saint Merel created GreenCheeseWiki and The Reform Association to throng, respectively, whimsical and semipolitical pages. Earle Vocalizer subsequently created a catch-all for C2 off-topic pages called TheAdjunct. Many pages were touched from WikiWikiWeb to these deciding sites, with a skin of the affected tender port on the WikiWikiWeb, containing a tie to the new diplomat and the communication "This page exists only on SisterSites."
In 2001, Dancer and user Bo Leuf publicized a collection, The Wiki Way, which distilled the lessons scholarly during the assembled have of the ordinal wiki.[18]
In 1998 proponents of Uttermost Programming showed up on the place and started sign comments roughly Utmost Programming on most of the pages agnate to software processing. This miffed a wares grouping who craved to impart about patterns, star to the tag "XpFreeZone," which was put onto pages as a postulation not to learn around ExtremeProgramming on that page. Eventually most of the DesignPatterns group mitt to handle patterns on their own wikis, and WikiWikiWeb began to be referred to as "WardsWiki" instead of the "PortlandPatternRepository."[6]
Around the summer of 1999, user Sam Individual posted the remark "I'm finished here" on his somebody page, and began systematically removing his book from all pages on WikiWikiWeb that he had contributed to. Individual worked at Microsoft and had been hurt by what he perceived as anti-Microsoft partiality on WikiWikiWeb. His deletions led to contestation some whether he had the ripe to remove his own substantial, and whether others had the reactionist to put it sustain in (which several began to do).[honour required] This event became referred to as the "WikiMindWipe."[15]
In April 2000, foursome WikiWikiWeb users independently tried to throttle the become of book on the site via a voluminous merchandise of deletions. They mainly tried to censor real that was allied to wikis and not software programme patterns.[16] They considered this tangible to be uncharged weight, and would screw preferred to see it all replaced by compact substance to newcomers. Contributors who disagreed with these deletions began copying all of the deleted schoolbook rearward in again. A suffrage was confiscate on the periodical, and it was outcome of the deletions was the shaping of WikiWikiWeb "miss sites" afterward in 2000. Sunir Shah created a wiki titled MeatballWiki, deliberate strictly for wiki-based validation and discussions. A few months afterwards, Richard Navigator created the WhyClublet (or "Why?") wiki to breadstuff treatment of Christianly issues, and Saint Merel created GreenCheeseWiki and The Reform Association to throng, respectively, whimsical and semipolitical pages. Earle Vocalizer subsequently created a catch-all for C2 off-topic pages called TheAdjunct. Many pages were touched from WikiWikiWeb to these deciding sites, with a skin of the affected tender port on the WikiWikiWeb, containing a tie to the new diplomat and the communication "This page exists only on SisterSites."
In 2001, Dancer and user Bo Leuf publicized a collection, The Wiki Way, which distilled the lessons scholarly during the assembled have of the ordinal wiki.[18]
Other wiki websites, 1999–2000
Piece some past wiki websites were devoted to the processing of arise inspiration software, one new wiki was created by the FoxPro user territory. The FoxPro Wiki was supported in 1999 by Steven Colored and evolved into a touristed position with some pages.[19]
World66 was a Nation accompany which proved to change the exterior content melody into a useful line. The website was supported in 1999 by Richard and Douwe Osinga, and contains travel-related articles masking destinations around the humankind.
A wiki facility was created in 1999 for word of the fresh created PhpWiki software. This became one of the larger software-related wikis. Sensei's Repository, a wiki sacred to language of the scheme of Go, was created by Morten G. Pahle and River Hollosi in October 2000. For its first few years of surgery, it was one of the maximal and most involved wikis outside Wikipedia.
World66 was a Nation accompany which proved to change the exterior content melody into a useful line. The website was supported in 1999 by Richard and Douwe Osinga, and contains travel-related articles masking destinations around the humankind.
A wiki facility was created in 1999 for word of the fresh created PhpWiki software. This became one of the larger software-related wikis. Sensei's Repository, a wiki sacred to language of the scheme of Go, was created by Morten G. Pahle and River Hollosi in October 2000. For its first few years of surgery, it was one of the maximal and most involved wikis outside Wikipedia.
Other wiki applications, 1997–2000
Clones of the WikiWikiWeb software began to be formulated as soon as Economist Dancer made the Wiki Humble software procurable online. One of the earlier clones was CvWiki, industrial in 1997 by Saint Merel, which was the low wiki sweat to individual working transclusion, backlinks, and "WayBackMode."
JWiki[20] (direct for JavaWiki), released in 1997, was the basic exploit of WikiWikiWeb in the Java module, and the firstly to be back-ended by a database. It was developed by Ricardo Clements, a other co-worker of Cunningham's.
Added past wiki engine was JosWiki, matured by an worldwide unit of Island programmers who were disagreeable to create a unrestrained and give "Java Operative Scheme" (JOS).[21]
TWiki was created in Perl by Peter Thoeny in 1998, supported on JosWiki. TWiki was aimed at enlarged organized intranets. It stored assemblage in simple book files instead of in a database.
PikiPiki was created by Vocaliser Bet in 1999 as a rewrite of WikiWikiWeb in Python.[thoroughbred needed]It was made to be a minuscule system, using champaign files and doing away with versioning (Syndicate change that a wiki is not meant to be a document-management grouping).[22]
PhpWiki, created by Steve Wainstead in 1999, was the archetypical wiki software typewritten inPHP.[note necessary] The initial edition was a feature-for-feature reimplementation of the WikiWikiWeb software. Ulterior versions adoptive many features from UseModWiki.
Swiki was transcribed in Squeaker by Valuation Guzdial and Jochen Rick in 1999.[thoroughbred needful]
Zwiki, scrawled in Python in 1999, is supported on the Zope web travail server (it can also co-exist with the Plone communication management method). It was initially formed by Songwriter Michael andJoyful Systems.[annotation needed] It uses a ZODB End Database.
Rubbing TeamPage was free in Dec 1999; it was the archetypical branded wiki cure aimed at labor customers.
UseModWiki was developed from 1999 to 2000 by Clifford Adams. UseModWiki is a flat-file wiki printed in Perl. It was based on Markus Denker's AtisWiki, which was in turn supported on CvWiki. It introduced the simpleton punctuation syntax for linking text that was afterward adopted by more other wiki engines, specified as MediaWiki.
MoinMoin, created in Python by Jürgen Hermann and Saint Waldmann in mid-2000, was initially based on PikiPiki. It is a flat-file wiki with a uncomplicated codification number but more executable extensions. MoinMoin uses the content of separating the parsers (for parsing the wiki syntax) from the formatters (for outputting HTML encrypt), with an interface between them, so that new parsers and output formatters can be backhand
JWiki[20] (direct for JavaWiki), released in 1997, was the basic exploit of WikiWikiWeb in the Java module, and the firstly to be back-ended by a database. It was developed by Ricardo Clements, a other co-worker of Cunningham's.
Added past wiki engine was JosWiki, matured by an worldwide unit of Island programmers who were disagreeable to create a unrestrained and give "Java Operative Scheme" (JOS).[21]
TWiki was created in Perl by Peter Thoeny in 1998, supported on JosWiki. TWiki was aimed at enlarged organized intranets. It stored assemblage in simple book files instead of in a database.
PikiPiki was created by Vocaliser Bet in 1999 as a rewrite of WikiWikiWeb in Python.[thoroughbred needed]It was made to be a minuscule system, using champaign files and doing away with versioning (Syndicate change that a wiki is not meant to be a document-management grouping).[22]
PhpWiki, created by Steve Wainstead in 1999, was the archetypical wiki software typewritten inPHP.[note necessary] The initial edition was a feature-for-feature reimplementation of the WikiWikiWeb software. Ulterior versions adoptive many features from UseModWiki.
Swiki was transcribed in Squeaker by Valuation Guzdial and Jochen Rick in 1999.[thoroughbred needful]
Zwiki, scrawled in Python in 1999, is supported on the Zope web travail server (it can also co-exist with the Plone communication management method). It was initially formed by Songwriter Michael andJoyful Systems.[annotation needed] It uses a ZODB End Database.
Rubbing TeamPage was free in Dec 1999; it was the archetypical branded wiki cure aimed at labor customers.
UseModWiki was developed from 1999 to 2000 by Clifford Adams. UseModWiki is a flat-file wiki printed in Perl. It was based on Markus Denker's AtisWiki, which was in turn supported on CvWiki. It introduced the simpleton punctuation syntax for linking text that was afterward adopted by more other wiki engines, specified as MediaWiki.
MoinMoin, created in Python by Jürgen Hermann and Saint Waldmann in mid-2000, was initially based on PikiPiki. It is a flat-file wiki with a uncomplicated codification number but more executable extensions. MoinMoin uses the content of separating the parsers (for parsing the wiki syntax) from the formatters (for outputting HTML encrypt), with an interface between them, so that new parsers and output formatters can be backhand
.
2001–2003: Wikipedia's early years
The creation of Wikipedia
Important article: History of Wikipedia
Until 2001, wikis were virtually dishonorable outside the closed circles of machine programmers.[notation necessary] Wikis were introduced to the overall unrestricted by the success of Wikipedia,[credit required] a atrip collection encyclopaedia that can be edited by anyone.
Wikipedia was originally planned as a men to Nupedia, a free on-line reference founded by Jemmy Principality, with articles scrivened by highly registered contributors and evaluated by an elucidate compeer recall transmute. The authorship of activity for Nupedia proven to be extremely moderato, with exclusive 12 articles complete during the forward year, despite a mailing-list of fascinated editors and the proximity of a full-time editor-in-chief recruited by Principality, Larry Nurse.[quotation requisite] Acquisition of the wiki thought, Cambria and Sanger decided to try creating a collaborative website to engage an additional shaper of rapidly produced plan articles that could be shining for use on Nupedia.
Nupedia's editors and reviewers resisted the tune of associating Nupedia with a wiki-style website, so Wikipedia was launched on its own domain, wikipedia.com, on January 15, 2001.[mention necessary] It initially ran on UseModWiki software, with the innovational text stored in flat-files rather than in a database, and with articles titled using the CamelCase pattern. UseModWiki was replaced by a PHP wiki engine in Jan 2002 and by MediaWiki in July 2002.[annotation needful]
Wikipedia attracted new participants after beingness mentioned on Slashdot as healthy as in an article on the community-edited website Kuro5hin.[23] It quick overtook Nupedia. In the basic assemblage of its cosmos, over 20,000 encyclopedia entries were created.
Until 2001, wikis were virtually dishonorable outside the closed circles of machine programmers.[notation necessary] Wikis were introduced to the overall unrestricted by the success of Wikipedia,[credit required] a atrip collection encyclopaedia that can be edited by anyone.
Wikipedia was originally planned as a men to Nupedia, a free on-line reference founded by Jemmy Principality, with articles scrivened by highly registered contributors and evaluated by an elucidate compeer recall transmute. The authorship of activity for Nupedia proven to be extremely moderato, with exclusive 12 articles complete during the forward year, despite a mailing-list of fascinated editors and the proximity of a full-time editor-in-chief recruited by Principality, Larry Nurse.[quotation requisite] Acquisition of the wiki thought, Cambria and Sanger decided to try creating a collaborative website to engage an additional shaper of rapidly produced plan articles that could be shining for use on Nupedia.
Nupedia's editors and reviewers resisted the tune of associating Nupedia with a wiki-style website, so Wikipedia was launched on its own domain, wikipedia.com, on January 15, 2001.[mention necessary] It initially ran on UseModWiki software, with the innovational text stored in flat-files rather than in a database, and with articles titled using the CamelCase pattern. UseModWiki was replaced by a PHP wiki engine in Jan 2002 and by MediaWiki in July 2002.[annotation needful]
Wikipedia attracted new participants after beingness mentioned on Slashdot as healthy as in an article on the community-edited website Kuro5hin.[23] It quick overtook Nupedia. In the basic assemblage of its cosmos, over 20,000 encyclopedia entries were created.
Wikimedia Foundation and first Wikipedia sister projects
Cambria, and other members of the Wikipedia mortal grouping, founded Wikipedia's original "missy parcel,""In Memoriam: Sept 11 Wiki,"[24] in Oct 2002;[25] it careful the Sept 11 attacks. (This cast was closed in October 2006.) A product sis tract, Wiktionary, was created in Dec 2002; the computer was meant to be a collaboratively created dictionary.
In June 2003, Principality supported the Wikimedia Substructure, a non-profit organization, to win Wikipedia and all its fille projects achievement presumptuous. Two added Wikimedia projects were adscititious shortly thereafter: Wikiquote, a meaning for notable quotations, and Wikibooks, for collaboratively creating textbooks, both in July 2003. Other propose, Wikisource, was intercalary in Nov 2003; it was originally titled "Attribute Sourceberg" (a modification on Program Gutenberg), then renamed "Wikisource" in Dec 2003.
In June 2003, Principality supported the Wikimedia Substructure, a non-profit organization, to win Wikipedia and all its fille projects achievement presumptuous. Two added Wikimedia projects were adscititious shortly thereafter: Wikiquote, a meaning for notable quotations, and Wikibooks, for collaboratively creating textbooks, both in July 2003. Other propose, Wikisource, was intercalary in Nov 2003; it was originally titled "Attribute Sourceberg" (a modification on Program Gutenberg), then renamed "Wikisource" in Dec 2003.
Other wiki websites, 2001–2003
MeatballWiki apace became a favourite wiki for discussions of wiki-related topics. The users of MeatballWiki came up with several ideas on the linking unitedly of wikis, including:[26][27]
InterWikiMap, a uncomplicated interwiki linking method (2000)[28]
MetaWiki, the purpose of a wiki that helps fill regain added wikis[29]
OneBigWiki (2002), the idea of having one wiki unfocussed across various servers[30]
SwitchWiki (2003): the thought of having one parcel where one can alter between wikis[31]
WikiNode, a way to unification wikis via a standardized "guest" attender on apiece
Any of these ideas were ulterior implemented. For model, WikiIndex, a wiki that lists separate wikis, was created in 2006, in an endeavour to finish the MetaWiki and SwitchWiki ideas. The situation also includes a WikiNode of its own and catalogs sites which let their own WikiNodes.
Disinfopedia was launched by Sheldon Rampton in Territory 2003. It aimed to display a directory of semipublic relations firms and industry-funded organizations that pioneer to touch people persuasion and exoteric policy. It was subsequent renamed SourceWatch, and is currently run by the Property for Media and Republic (CMD).
Javapedia was a wiki inspired by Wikipedia. The work was launched in June 2003 during the JavaOne developer association, and was premeditated to treat all aspects of the Drink adps.
Wikitravel was started in July 2003 by Evan Prodromou and Michele Ann Jenkins.
Remembering Alpha is a wiki devoted to the Player Trek fictional accumulation. It was launched by Destroy Doddema and Dan Carlson in Dec 2003. For its premier several years, it was one of the largest wiki projects.
This stop also saw the activity of various additional unspecialised wiki encyclopedias, created either independently of Wikipedia or meant to operate as an disjunctive to Wikipedia in prescribe to fix many detected weakness in it:
Susning.nu was a Swedish-language wiki, created in Oct 2001, meant to copulate as an cyclopaedia, wordbook, and speech assembly.
Enciclopedia Libre was created in February 2002 as a angle of the Spanish-language Wikipedia, by a meet of contributors to the Country Wikipedia, who leftish because of fears of censorship and the alternative of the activity of advertising on Wikipedia.
Wikinfo was launched in July 2003 as "Internet-Encyclopedia". It was a subfigure of the English-language Wikipedia, meant to bear novel investigate and quaternary articles on subjects from variant points of range, instead of Wikipedia's insurance of a unique neutral-point-of-view article.[32] In 2013, after a phase of downtime, the cognition was separate and a new version of Wikinfo was started at Wikia.
WikiZnanie is a Russian-language wiki cyclopedia created in 2003; it took most of its accumulation from the Land Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary of 1906.
InterWikiMap, a uncomplicated interwiki linking method (2000)[28]
MetaWiki, the purpose of a wiki that helps fill regain added wikis[29]
OneBigWiki (2002), the idea of having one wiki unfocussed across various servers[30]
SwitchWiki (2003): the thought of having one parcel where one can alter between wikis[31]
WikiNode, a way to unification wikis via a standardized "guest" attender on apiece
Any of these ideas were ulterior implemented. For model, WikiIndex, a wiki that lists separate wikis, was created in 2006, in an endeavour to finish the MetaWiki and SwitchWiki ideas. The situation also includes a WikiNode of its own and catalogs sites which let their own WikiNodes.
Disinfopedia was launched by Sheldon Rampton in Territory 2003. It aimed to display a directory of semipublic relations firms and industry-funded organizations that pioneer to touch people persuasion and exoteric policy. It was subsequent renamed SourceWatch, and is currently run by the Property for Media and Republic (CMD).
Javapedia was a wiki inspired by Wikipedia. The work was launched in June 2003 during the JavaOne developer association, and was premeditated to treat all aspects of the Drink adps.
Wikitravel was started in July 2003 by Evan Prodromou and Michele Ann Jenkins.
Remembering Alpha is a wiki devoted to the Player Trek fictional accumulation. It was launched by Destroy Doddema and Dan Carlson in Dec 2003. For its premier several years, it was one of the largest wiki projects.
This stop also saw the activity of various additional unspecialised wiki encyclopedias, created either independently of Wikipedia or meant to operate as an disjunctive to Wikipedia in prescribe to fix many detected weakness in it:
Susning.nu was a Swedish-language wiki, created in Oct 2001, meant to copulate as an cyclopaedia, wordbook, and speech assembly.
Enciclopedia Libre was created in February 2002 as a angle of the Spanish-language Wikipedia, by a meet of contributors to the Country Wikipedia, who leftish because of fears of censorship and the alternative of the activity of advertising on Wikipedia.
Wikinfo was launched in July 2003 as "Internet-Encyclopedia". It was a subfigure of the English-language Wikipedia, meant to bear novel investigate and quaternary articles on subjects from variant points of range, instead of Wikipedia's insurance of a unique neutral-point-of-view article.[32] In 2013, after a phase of downtime, the cognition was separate and a new version of Wikinfo was started at Wikia.
WikiZnanie is a Russian-language wiki cyclopedia created in 2003; it took most of its accumulation from the Land Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary of 1906.
Development of wiki software, 2001–2003
JSPWiki, created by Janne Jalkanen in 2001, is flat-file wiki software collective around JavaServer Pages (JSP). JSPWiki adapted and lengthy the PhpWiki markup. It is primarily used for friendship and university intranets as a cast wiki or a knowledge direction application. It has also been victimised as a individualized entropy administrator (PIM).
MediaWiki was longhand for Wikipedia in 2002 by Lee Daniel Crocker, supported on the human programme ornamentation of an originally PHP wiki engine industrial by Magnus Manske. Manske's PHP-based software suffered alluviation problems due to redoubled use, so Crocker re-wrote the software with a writer ascendible MySQL database backend. As Wikipedia grew, achieving scalability finished fourfold layers of caching and database reproduction became a outstanding vexation for the developers.Internationalization was also a major interest[laurels required] (the mortal interface has been translated into statesman than 70 languages). One of the earliest differences between MediaWiki and remaining wiki engines was the use of freely formatted course instead of course in CamelCase. MediaWiki provides special structure to resource princely accumulation, specified as performance mathematical formulas using LaTeX, illustration plotting, appearance galleries and thumbnails, and Exif metadata. MediaWiki lacks someone WYSIWYG figure each article to take quaternary sheets with different textbook defamation: one artifact presents the encyclopedic knowledge, added contains the discussions close it, and so on.
PmWiki was created in PHP by Patrick Michaud in 2002. It is a flat-file wiki engine that was designed to be painless to install and build. PmWiki offers a guide plot that makes it achievable to modify the wait and property of the wiki. Customization is made loose through a broad pick of tailored extensions, familiar as "recipes" forthcoming from the PmWiki Cookbook.
TikiWiki was created in PHP by Luis Argerich in 2002. It was after renamed "Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware", or but "Tiki", as it gained added CMS and groupware features. TikiWiki is modular with components that can be individually enabled and custom by the chief, and extends customization to the mortal with selectable skins and themes.
WakkaWiki, an open-source PHP wiki engine, was created by Carlos Zottman and Hendrik Mans in Sept 2002. It was discontinued in 2004. WakkaWiki spawned at small phoebe forks: CitiWiki, UniWakka, WackoWiki, WikiNi and WikkaWiki.
Socialtext launched in 2002; it was the agreement patented enterprise-focused wiki cure, after Traction TeamPage.
XWiki is an open-source Java wiki covering that was created by Ludovic Dubost in Jan 2003. Dubost set up hosting of XWiki-based wikis on the class xwiki.com in April 2003 - xwiki.com thusly became an archaic (and perhaps the forward) wiki hosting care, or "wiki farm."
EditMe was other matutinal wiki farm, launched in Revered 2003. The tract used ownership wiki software, handwritten in Island.
As they formed, wikis united umpteen of the features victimised on otherwise websites and blogs, including:
backing for different wiki markup styles
writing of pages with a GUI application, WYSIWYG, ad unique applications such as LaTeX
nonobligatory use of outer editors
reenforcement for plugins and trade extensions
use of RSS feeds
coordinated netmail discourse
accurate admittance control
spam assets
MediaWiki was longhand for Wikipedia in 2002 by Lee Daniel Crocker, supported on the human programme ornamentation of an originally PHP wiki engine industrial by Magnus Manske. Manske's PHP-based software suffered alluviation problems due to redoubled use, so Crocker re-wrote the software with a writer ascendible MySQL database backend. As Wikipedia grew, achieving scalability finished fourfold layers of caching and database reproduction became a outstanding vexation for the developers.Internationalization was also a major interest[laurels required] (the mortal interface has been translated into statesman than 70 languages). One of the earliest differences between MediaWiki and remaining wiki engines was the use of freely formatted course instead of course in CamelCase. MediaWiki provides special structure to resource princely accumulation, specified as performance mathematical formulas using LaTeX, illustration plotting, appearance galleries and thumbnails, and Exif metadata. MediaWiki lacks someone WYSIWYG figure each article to take quaternary sheets with different textbook defamation: one artifact presents the encyclopedic knowledge, added contains the discussions close it, and so on.
PmWiki was created in PHP by Patrick Michaud in 2002. It is a flat-file wiki engine that was designed to be painless to install and build. PmWiki offers a guide plot that makes it achievable to modify the wait and property of the wiki. Customization is made loose through a broad pick of tailored extensions, familiar as "recipes" forthcoming from the PmWiki Cookbook.
TikiWiki was created in PHP by Luis Argerich in 2002. It was after renamed "Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware", or but "Tiki", as it gained added CMS and groupware features. TikiWiki is modular with components that can be individually enabled and custom by the chief, and extends customization to the mortal with selectable skins and themes.
WakkaWiki, an open-source PHP wiki engine, was created by Carlos Zottman and Hendrik Mans in Sept 2002. It was discontinued in 2004. WakkaWiki spawned at small phoebe forks: CitiWiki, UniWakka, WackoWiki, WikiNi and WikkaWiki.
Socialtext launched in 2002; it was the agreement patented enterprise-focused wiki cure, after Traction TeamPage.
XWiki is an open-source Java wiki covering that was created by Ludovic Dubost in Jan 2003. Dubost set up hosting of XWiki-based wikis on the class xwiki.com in April 2003 - xwiki.com thusly became an archaic (and perhaps the forward) wiki hosting care, or "wiki farm."
EditMe was other matutinal wiki farm, launched in Revered 2003. The tract used ownership wiki software, handwritten in Island.
As they formed, wikis united umpteen of the features victimised on otherwise websites and blogs, including:
backing for different wiki markup styles
writing of pages with a GUI application, WYSIWYG, ad unique applications such as LaTeX
nonobligatory use of outer editors
reenforcement for plugins and trade extensions
use of RSS feeds
coordinated netmail discourse
accurate admittance control
spam assets
2004–2006: an explosion in interest
The phase from 2004 to 2006 saw an detonation in benefit in both wikis generally and Wikipedia in primary, and both started to prettify house position. Corporations, organizations and opposite communities began to pee augmentative use of wikis. Umpteen of the wiki-based sites, technologies and events that master today were started during that period.
In October 2004, the wiki hosting mating Wikicities launched, co-founded by Wikipedia father Jimmy Cymru and Wikimedia Groundwork gameboard member Angela Beesley. In Mar 2006, it changed its charge to Wikia. Wikia relic the best-known and most popular wiki farm.[annotation required]
A astronomic sign of different notability wiki farms were released soon afterward, including Wikispaces(launched Walk 2005), PBwiki (launched June 2005, ulterior renamed PBworks) and Wetpaint(launched Oct 2005). Wikidot was launched in August 2006.
2005 starred the root of large-scale wiki-related meetings and conferences. Grand 2005 saw the first-ever Wikimania, an annual word configured around Wikimedia Undergarment projects, in Frankfurt, Deutschland. WikiSym, a many donnish annual symposium almost wikis in statesman, was opening held a few months subsequent, in October 2005, in San Diego, California.RecentChangesCamp, an unconference devoted to wikis, was firstly held in February 2006 inPortland, Oregon. Wikimania and WikiSym remain the two maximal wiki-related gatherings.
Around 2005 wikis began to be massively confronted with "wiki email," produced by spammers who follow website addresses onto wikis in impose to modify the senior of the displayed websites by hunt engines. Various strategies fuck been matured to furniture wiki spam.[33]
In October 2004, the wiki hosting mating Wikicities launched, co-founded by Wikipedia father Jimmy Cymru and Wikimedia Groundwork gameboard member Angela Beesley. In Mar 2006, it changed its charge to Wikia. Wikia relic the best-known and most popular wiki farm.[annotation required]
A astronomic sign of different notability wiki farms were released soon afterward, including Wikispaces(launched Walk 2005), PBwiki (launched June 2005, ulterior renamed PBworks) and Wetpaint(launched Oct 2005). Wikidot was launched in August 2006.
2005 starred the root of large-scale wiki-related meetings and conferences. Grand 2005 saw the first-ever Wikimania, an annual word configured around Wikimedia Undergarment projects, in Frankfurt, Deutschland. WikiSym, a many donnish annual symposium almost wikis in statesman, was opening held a few months subsequent, in October 2005, in San Diego, California.RecentChangesCamp, an unconference devoted to wikis, was firstly held in February 2006 inPortland, Oregon. Wikimania and WikiSym remain the two maximal wiki-related gatherings.
Around 2005 wikis began to be massively confronted with "wiki email," produced by spammers who follow website addresses onto wikis in impose to modify the senior of the displayed websites by hunt engines. Various strategies fuck been matured to furniture wiki spam.[33]
Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects
Wikipedia intimate function maturation in pattern and readership during the phase from 2004 to 2006, uphill in Alexa rankings from the top 1000 websites into the top 15.[34] It was titled one of the top 5 circular brands of 2006 in the Brandchannel Readers' Choice Awards.[35]
In 2004 the Wikimedia Substructure launched troika new sites: Wikispecies, for cataloging species, in Aug 2004, Wikimedia Tract, to throw images and another media used by the Wikimedia projects, in Sep 2004, and Wikinews, for publishing collaborative programme articles, in Dec 2004. Wikiversity, intended for tutorials and different courseware, was subsequent launched in Honourable 2006.
In Nov 2005, journalist Book Seigenthaler wrote a much-publicized article in USA Todayabout Wikipedia's article almost him, which for over figure months had contained a inconstant statement most him, inserted as a humor, stating that he had been a suspect in the assassinations of Gospels F. Jfk and Parliamentarian F. Jfk. The USA Today article generated a ulterior arguing that both caused Wikipedia to trammel its standards for creating articles, especially articles almost living grouping, and highlighted the healthy standing of Wikipedia as a publication of assemblage.
During this phase, Wikipedia also began to start the touristy content. A salient illustration was the Supernatural Al Yankovic mockery song "Individual & Nerdy," which peaked at 9 on the Sign Hot 100in posthumous 2006, and contained the text "I censor Wikipedia." In Dec 2006, Case storage chose "You" as their Somebody of the Year, referring to the appear of Web 2.0 and web technologies that permit for user-contributed knowledge, and cited Wikipedia as one of the key websites that let for "accord and cooperation on a scale never seen before."[36]
In 2004 the Wikimedia Substructure launched troika new sites: Wikispecies, for cataloging species, in Aug 2004, Wikimedia Tract, to throw images and another media used by the Wikimedia projects, in Sep 2004, and Wikinews, for publishing collaborative programme articles, in Dec 2004. Wikiversity, intended for tutorials and different courseware, was subsequent launched in Honourable 2006.
In Nov 2005, journalist Book Seigenthaler wrote a much-publicized article in USA Todayabout Wikipedia's article almost him, which for over figure months had contained a inconstant statement most him, inserted as a humor, stating that he had been a suspect in the assassinations of Gospels F. Jfk and Parliamentarian F. Jfk. The USA Today article generated a ulterior arguing that both caused Wikipedia to trammel its standards for creating articles, especially articles almost living grouping, and highlighted the healthy standing of Wikipedia as a publication of assemblage.
During this phase, Wikipedia also began to start the touristy content. A salient illustration was the Supernatural Al Yankovic mockery song "Individual & Nerdy," which peaked at 9 on the Sign Hot 100in posthumous 2006, and contained the text "I censor Wikipedia." In Dec 2006, Case storage chose "You" as their Somebody of the Year, referring to the appear of Web 2.0 and web technologies that permit for user-contributed knowledge, and cited Wikipedia as one of the key websites that let for "accord and cooperation on a scale never seen before."[36]
Other wiki websites, 2004–2006
In July 2004, OpenStreetMap, a website to create an open-source street map of the experience using wiki functionality, was launched.
Most of the discipline satirical wikis launched at around this second. Cyclopedia Dramatica, which mocked cyberspace society, was founded in Dec 2004 (it was turn drink in April 2011).Stupidedia, a German-language wiki wilful as a outspoken mimicry of Wikipedia, was also supported in Dec 2004, a hebdomad after. Uncyclopedia, an English-language wiki also planned to lampoon Wikipedia, was supported the close period, in Jan 2005; it was after outstretched to gobs of otherwise languages, and merged in separate wikis, including Stupidedia. La Frikipedia, a Spanish-languageparody of Wikipedia, was founded in October 2005.
In Jan 2005, the wiki wikiHow was created as a ingredient of the how-to website eHow. In Apr 2006, its creators sold off eHow and focussed full-time on wikiHow, which was launched at its own arena.[37] Both sites incur tens of trillions of hits a period.
In Apr 2006, the troupe Internet Brands bought the sites WikiTravel and World66.[38] The purchase of WikiTravel by a advert entity led to the creation of the non-commercial steering wiki Wikivoyage by few previous WikiTravel authors and administrators in Dec 2006. Wikivoyage originally held accumulation in Teutonic and Romance, and started as a ramification of WikiTravel acceptance; in 2013 it would turn a WMF tract.
Two leading Asian wiki encyclopedias began in 2006: Baidu Baike in Apr and Hudong in Nov. Both currently see billions of articles, and overstep the popularity of the Asian Wikipedia within Crockery. Both are for-profit wikis, that, dissimilar Wikipedia, carry the copyright to their own acceptance.
Most of the discipline satirical wikis launched at around this second. Cyclopedia Dramatica, which mocked cyberspace society, was founded in Dec 2004 (it was turn drink in April 2011).Stupidedia, a German-language wiki wilful as a outspoken mimicry of Wikipedia, was also supported in Dec 2004, a hebdomad after. Uncyclopedia, an English-language wiki also planned to lampoon Wikipedia, was supported the close period, in Jan 2005; it was after outstretched to gobs of otherwise languages, and merged in separate wikis, including Stupidedia. La Frikipedia, a Spanish-languageparody of Wikipedia, was founded in October 2005.
In Jan 2005, the wiki wikiHow was created as a ingredient of the how-to website eHow. In Apr 2006, its creators sold off eHow and focussed full-time on wikiHow, which was launched at its own arena.[37] Both sites incur tens of trillions of hits a period.
In Apr 2006, the troupe Internet Brands bought the sites WikiTravel and World66.[38] The purchase of WikiTravel by a advert entity led to the creation of the non-commercial steering wiki Wikivoyage by few previous WikiTravel authors and administrators in Dec 2006. Wikivoyage originally held accumulation in Teutonic and Romance, and started as a ramification of WikiTravel acceptance; in 2013 it would turn a WMF tract.
Two leading Asian wiki encyclopedias began in 2006: Baidu Baike in Apr and Hudong in Nov. Both currently see billions of articles, and overstep the popularity of the Asian Wikipedia within Crockery. Both are for-profit wikis, that, dissimilar Wikipedia, carry the copyright to their own acceptance.
Development of wiki software, 2004–2006
This punctuation saw the start of galore wiki applications engaged toward corporate/enterprise users. Specified software was usually proprietary, and it unremarkably included additional functionality, much asblogs and project management tools. Notable wiki software launched during this moment includes:
Trac (February 2004), created by Edgewall Software. Trac is an coarse communicator bug tracking and programme direction effort, with wiki functionality.
Conflux (Walk 2004), created by Atlassian.
DokuWiki (July 2004), an open-source exercise witting for elflike companies' package needs.
JotSpot (October 2004), created by JotSpot, Inc. JotSpot was bought by Google in 2006 for an covert amount; Google would after resign the subject, in qualified structure, as Google Sites in 2008.
SamePage (April 2006), created by eTouch Systems.
Redmine (June 2006), an unresolved publication exertion confusable to Trac.
DekiWiki (July 2006), an ingenuous inspiration sweat created by MindTouch, Inc.[39] It had started as a angle of MediaWiki, but was then significantly rewritten before its exudate. DekiWiki was later renamed to "Deki," then "MindTouch Core".
Clearspace (December 2006), created by Jazz Software. Clearspace was afterwards renamed "Jazz SBS," then "Jive Vow" and then Jive.
wikiCalc, a wiki-based spreadsheet use, was launched in Nov 2005 by spreadsheet trailblazer Dan Bricklin.
In Sept 2004 Microsoft free its FlexWiki, making its inspiration encrypt available onSourceForge.[40] Though it was generally surface conventional,[41] it unsuccessful to metamorphose favorite and was discontinued in December 2008. In Nov 2006 Microsoft released Microsoft State SharePoint Server 2007,[42] with wiki and blog functionality supplementary, which later replaced FlexWiki as Microsoft's wiki creation.
In this phase a signal of semantic wiki applications were launched, including the currently most fashionable one, Semantic MediaWiki (which was rank announced at Wikimania 2005).
Trac (February 2004), created by Edgewall Software. Trac is an coarse communicator bug tracking and programme direction effort, with wiki functionality.
Conflux (Walk 2004), created by Atlassian.
DokuWiki (July 2004), an open-source exercise witting for elflike companies' package needs.
JotSpot (October 2004), created by JotSpot, Inc. JotSpot was bought by Google in 2006 for an covert amount; Google would after resign the subject, in qualified structure, as Google Sites in 2008.
SamePage (April 2006), created by eTouch Systems.
Redmine (June 2006), an unresolved publication exertion confusable to Trac.
DekiWiki (July 2006), an ingenuous inspiration sweat created by MindTouch, Inc.[39] It had started as a angle of MediaWiki, but was then significantly rewritten before its exudate. DekiWiki was later renamed to "Deki," then "MindTouch Core".
Clearspace (December 2006), created by Jazz Software. Clearspace was afterwards renamed "Jazz SBS," then "Jive Vow" and then Jive.
wikiCalc, a wiki-based spreadsheet use, was launched in Nov 2005 by spreadsheet trailblazer Dan Bricklin.
In Sept 2004 Microsoft free its FlexWiki, making its inspiration encrypt available onSourceForge.[40] Though it was generally surface conventional,[41] it unsuccessful to metamorphose favorite and was discontinued in December 2008. In Nov 2006 Microsoft released Microsoft State SharePoint Server 2007,[42] with wiki and blog functionality supplementary, which later replaced FlexWiki as Microsoft's wiki creation.
In this phase a signal of semantic wiki applications were launched, including the currently most fashionable one, Semantic MediaWiki (which was rank announced at Wikimania 2005).
2007–present: wikis enter the mainstream
A mark in unrestricted tolerance of wikis was reached in Resist 2007 when the phrase "wiki" entered the University Country Dictionary.[43]
In January 2007, Amazon.com released Amapedia, a product-review wiki on its own website; it was after prevent medico in June 2010.
In Feb 2007, Penguin Books launched a wiki to create the intended new A Meg Penguins, in a well-publicized experimentation at creating a crowd-generated new. The wiki was prevent plumage a period afterwards, not having created a logical operate.[44]
In Territory 2007, Larry Nurse, co-founder of Wikipedia, launched Citizendium, an "expert-guided" cyclopedia wiki requiring participants to use their genuine traducement.
In 2010, the parcel WikiLeaks (which had been supported in 2006) gained a major mint of both honor and infamy as a result of a set of leaked documents the tract publicised of classified materials from the Married States governance, notably footage of the July 12, 2007 Bagdad airstrike, theAfghan War documents break and the Federate States tactful cables run. The parcel runs on the MediaWiki effort, and began as a wiki editable by anyone, but in 2010 had its permissions varied so that exclusive its administrators could modify pages.[45]
In January 2007, Amazon.com released Amapedia, a product-review wiki on its own website; it was after prevent medico in June 2010.
In Feb 2007, Penguin Books launched a wiki to create the intended new A Meg Penguins, in a well-publicized experimentation at creating a crowd-generated new. The wiki was prevent plumage a period afterwards, not having created a logical operate.[44]
In Territory 2007, Larry Nurse, co-founder of Wikipedia, launched Citizendium, an "expert-guided" cyclopedia wiki requiring participants to use their genuine traducement.
In 2010, the parcel WikiLeaks (which had been supported in 2006) gained a major mint of both honor and infamy as a result of a set of leaked documents the tract publicised of classified materials from the Married States governance, notably footage of the July 12, 2007 Bagdad airstrike, theAfghan War documents break and the Federate States tactful cables run. The parcel runs on the MediaWiki effort, and began as a wiki editable by anyone, but in 2010 had its permissions varied so that exclusive its administrators could modify pages.[45]
Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, 2007–present
In 2007, Wikipedia entered the top 10 most favourite websites in the class.[46] Wikipedia began to be hard referenced in broadcasting and other media during 2007; see Wikipedia in civilisation.
In August 2008, then-U.S. statesmanly candidate Evangel McCain was accused of plagiarizing Wikipedia in a reprehension about Sakartvelo.[47] In June 2009, writer Chris Author admitted to plagiarizing a program of Wikipedia articles in his aggregation Freeborn: The Upcoming of a Immoderate Toll; he titled it a "screwup," supported on deficiency of clearness on how to iterate a circumstantial variation of a Wikipedia article.[48]
January 2011 saw the 10th day of the commencement of Wikipedia, which occasioned a largeround of coverage in the world media, most of it positive, including a covert lie in Teutonic product Die Zeit with the headline, "The preeminent utilise of mankind."[49]
In Process 2012, a offering was prefabricated to hump the Wikimedia Foot patron a wiki containing journey advice,[50] which led to a word and choice lasting several months. In Grand 2012 the lot Net Brands, owners of the Wikitravel site, sued two of its contributors who had voiced out in spare of the proposition.[51] That causa in invoke led the Wikimedia Undergarment to sue Cyberspace Brands in Sep 2012 to not "impede, discontinue or obstructor the creation of" such a parcel.[52]The proposition to innkeeper a journey draw wiki was ultimately victorious, and the resolve was prefabricated to incorporate Wikivoyage, a Wikitravel spinoff tract, as a design.
The propose Wikidata was officially launched on Oct 30, 2012.[53] Wikidata is a collaborative assemblage confidant meant to engage a distributed set of accumulation that can be victimised by Wikipedia crossways all its languages.
Jan 14, 2013 saw the premiere formal use of Wikidata's information: to enable the pistol representation of "koine course" within articles on the Magyar Wikipedia.[54]
On January 15, which was the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia's beginning, the new, Wikimedia-hosted Wikivoyage was officially launched.[55] The lawsuits regarding Wikivoyage between Wikimedia and Internet Brands were nonnomadic out of deference in February 2013.[56]
Reuse of Wikipedia collection
Individual applications were developed during this indication to represent use of Wikipedia's information in prescript to amend both structured querying and natural-language intelligent. These included:
DBpedia, launched in Jan 2007; a attribute to create structured data from Wikipedia in machine-readable, queriable grade. By 2008, it became a educatee part of the Linked Datainitiative.[57]
Freebase, launched by the troupe Metaweb in May 2007. Freebase stores aggregation from Wikipedia and other sources in a organic, queriable info. Metaweb and Freebase were bought by Google in July 2010. The software afterward provided concept of the application down Google's Noesis Illustration, launched in May 2012.
Powerset, a companion supported in 2005, that in May 2008 free a examine engine that old assemblage from the Arts Wikipedia to result natural-language queries. It was bought by Microsoft in July 2008, with the content of improving results for the Bing explore engine.
The Wikimedia Base labor Wikidata is meant to give a collaborative set of data that can egest much querying easier, and procurable crosswise all languages.
Wiki software, 2007-present
This point saw integration in the set of wiki software beingness misused. A bouffant circumscribe of wiki engines ended developing during this moment, including FlexWiki, MojoMojo, PhpWiki, UseModWikiand Zwiki.
In Oct 2008, most developers of TWiki port the project to wreak on a ramification of the write, Foswiki, after creator Peter Thoeny took restrain of the TWiki cypher and earmark via his accompany, TWiki.net.[58]
In May 2009, Google declared its Google Motion adps (and its associated Federation protocol), which would union the functionality of wikis with e-mail, fast messaging and gregarious networking in dictate to supply a collaborative, real-time, server-hosted connectedness structure. Google Undulation was released to the systemic overt in May 2010, but utilisation on it was ended individual months after, in Venerable 2010. In December 2010, Google transferred manipulate of the software's evolution to the Athabaskan Support, and it was renamed "Athapaskan Wafture."
In Dec 2010, wiki functionality was more to the SAP NetWeaver Portal usage.[59]
In 2011, a wiki travail, named Phriction, was additional to the open-source collaboration suitePhabricator.
In Apr 2013, MindTouch Inc. forsaken its open-source set and rapt to MindTouch being exclusive a branded, hosted company.[39]
In July 2013, Wetpaint oversubscribed off its wiki care to WikiFoundry, having exchanged its commerce representation to the hosting of professionally generated content.
In August 2008, then-U.S. statesmanly candidate Evangel McCain was accused of plagiarizing Wikipedia in a reprehension about Sakartvelo.[47] In June 2009, writer Chris Author admitted to plagiarizing a program of Wikipedia articles in his aggregation Freeborn: The Upcoming of a Immoderate Toll; he titled it a "screwup," supported on deficiency of clearness on how to iterate a circumstantial variation of a Wikipedia article.[48]
January 2011 saw the 10th day of the commencement of Wikipedia, which occasioned a largeround of coverage in the world media, most of it positive, including a covert lie in Teutonic product Die Zeit with the headline, "The preeminent utilise of mankind."[49]
In Process 2012, a offering was prefabricated to hump the Wikimedia Foot patron a wiki containing journey advice,[50] which led to a word and choice lasting several months. In Grand 2012 the lot Net Brands, owners of the Wikitravel site, sued two of its contributors who had voiced out in spare of the proposition.[51] That causa in invoke led the Wikimedia Undergarment to sue Cyberspace Brands in Sep 2012 to not "impede, discontinue or obstructor the creation of" such a parcel.[52]The proposition to innkeeper a journey draw wiki was ultimately victorious, and the resolve was prefabricated to incorporate Wikivoyage, a Wikitravel spinoff tract, as a design.
The propose Wikidata was officially launched on Oct 30, 2012.[53] Wikidata is a collaborative assemblage confidant meant to engage a distributed set of accumulation that can be victimised by Wikipedia crossways all its languages.
Jan 14, 2013 saw the premiere formal use of Wikidata's information: to enable the pistol representation of "koine course" within articles on the Magyar Wikipedia.[54]
On January 15, which was the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia's beginning, the new, Wikimedia-hosted Wikivoyage was officially launched.[55] The lawsuits regarding Wikivoyage between Wikimedia and Internet Brands were nonnomadic out of deference in February 2013.[56]
Reuse of Wikipedia collection
Individual applications were developed during this indication to represent use of Wikipedia's information in prescript to amend both structured querying and natural-language intelligent. These included:
DBpedia, launched in Jan 2007; a attribute to create structured data from Wikipedia in machine-readable, queriable grade. By 2008, it became a educatee part of the Linked Datainitiative.[57]
Freebase, launched by the troupe Metaweb in May 2007. Freebase stores aggregation from Wikipedia and other sources in a organic, queriable info. Metaweb and Freebase were bought by Google in July 2010. The software afterward provided concept of the application down Google's Noesis Illustration, launched in May 2012.
Powerset, a companion supported in 2005, that in May 2008 free a examine engine that old assemblage from the Arts Wikipedia to result natural-language queries. It was bought by Microsoft in July 2008, with the content of improving results for the Bing explore engine.
The Wikimedia Base labor Wikidata is meant to give a collaborative set of data that can egest much querying easier, and procurable crosswise all languages.
Wiki software, 2007-present
This point saw integration in the set of wiki software beingness misused. A bouffant circumscribe of wiki engines ended developing during this moment, including FlexWiki, MojoMojo, PhpWiki, UseModWikiand Zwiki.
In Oct 2008, most developers of TWiki port the project to wreak on a ramification of the write, Foswiki, after creator Peter Thoeny took restrain of the TWiki cypher and earmark via his accompany, TWiki.net.[58]
In May 2009, Google declared its Google Motion adps (and its associated Federation protocol), which would union the functionality of wikis with e-mail, fast messaging and gregarious networking in dictate to supply a collaborative, real-time, server-hosted connectedness structure. Google Undulation was released to the systemic overt in May 2010, but utilisation on it was ended individual months after, in Venerable 2010. In December 2010, Google transferred manipulate of the software's evolution to the Athabaskan Support, and it was renamed "Athapaskan Wafture."
In Dec 2010, wiki functionality was more to the SAP NetWeaver Portal usage.[59]
In 2011, a wiki travail, named Phriction, was additional to the open-source collaboration suitePhabricator.
In Apr 2013, MindTouch Inc. forsaken its open-source set and rapt to MindTouch being exclusive a branded, hosted company.[39]
In July 2013, Wetpaint oversubscribed off its wiki care to WikiFoundry, having exchanged its commerce representation to the hosting of professionally generated content.
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